Spencer Kagan is a famous author who is well recognized for his research on establishing harmonious classrooms, promoting responsible behavior, improving students' social skills, character qualities, and academic achievement through cooperative learning structures.
Your objective in this entry is to read chapter two on our text, watch the video below, and then write your insights on the following key concepts:
(in your own words, not literally from the book)
- Two or three differences between an activity and a structure.
- Two or three differences between a competitive and a cooperative structure.
- Explain the steps of the structures"think-pair share," "Numbered Heads Together" and the benefits for both the teacher and the students.
Remember that opinions can not be exactly the same.
1- Activities are good strategies that involve some projects that are developed in class using an specific objective. onthe other hand structure are steps that the teacher have to follow to develop any content.
ResponderBorrar2-Competitive structure: it is more individual, is when students have the opportunity to answer question, that the teacher ask. this structure give the student little opportunity to interact each other.
-Cooperative structure: it is when students work in group, share opinions, and have the opportunity to help other classmates, also think as a group to obtain a good result.
3-Think-pair share: it is a good way to teach, because students have time to think about it individually.then, they work in pair and they share their ideas with the class.
-Numbered heads together: it is a strategy that involve students work in group to answer questions asked by the teacher.
-The benefits is students are more involved and interesting in the class and this actitud makes more dinamic the class. At the same time teacher and students enjoy the class a lot.
Diferences between an activity and a structure:
ResponderBorrar- Activities are important in the classroom because involve direct experience by the student rather than texbook study and structure helps that children develop a consensus on the rules and their roles.
- Children learn to handle their emotions, including anger and fear, during play. And the other hand structure help to positively shape children’s skills and cooperation.
- Activities helps children make friends and learn to get along with each other as equals. And structure is an organized activity or sport that comes with a set of rules and specific objectives to achieve the ending goals.
2._Differences between a competitive and a cooperative structure:
- Cooperative is when children learn important cooperative social skills that they will need later in their working lives and competitive is the more traditional form of learning.
- Competitive are students that study alone and complete their own assigments while trying to learn the presented subject matter. And the other hand cooperative are the Activities can include children reading their work aloud to each other and critiquing and editing each other’s writing project.
3_
- Think-pair share: this strategy provides an opportunity for all students to share their thinking with at least one other student which, in turn, increases their sense of involvement in classroom learning.
- Numbered heads together: it is important because promotes discussion in groups about topics that the teacher gives them and they help one another.
- The benefit is that it is a flexible strategy that can be used at a variety of levels. The teacher may start with factual information questions, and as students become more familiar with the strategy, ask questions that require analysis or synthesis of information.
Differences between an activity and a structure
ResponderBorrar-Activities take longer to create and they are much more effective in helping students learn to work as part of a team.
-Activities are aimed at accomplishing goals and are conducted under a goal structure
-structures require a series of steps to be implemented into the group dynamic, each group member's efforts are required and indispensable for group success.
-structure Increase students’ confidence in working in groups for a shared goal and develop skills and dispositions like team building, delegation, conflict resolution, and effective communication.
differences between a competitive and a cooperative structure.
cooperative structure
-Students can actually learn better when they also help teach other students.
Children who might be left behind in a more competitive environment can be brought up to speed by their peers.
competitive
when one student goal is achieved but all other students fail to reach that goal
Some students may become frustrated and even apathetic if they fall too far behind the rest of their classmates.
steps of the structures"think-pair share," "Numbered Heads Together"
for example in Numbered Heads Together Students are placed in groups and each person can have a number in order to be called, The teacher poses a question and students put their heads together to figure out the answer. Every member has to know the answer, all member must be prepared to answer
This strategy is beneficial for reviewing and integrating subject matter, encourages students to take greater responsibility for their own learning and to learn from one another, as well as from the teacher.
In think-pair share Think Students think independently about the question that has been posed, forming ideas of their own, students are grouped in pairs to discuss their thoughts. Then they share their ideas with a larger group, such as the whole class.
The think, pair, share strategy increases the kinds of personal communications, take ownership of their learning and negotiate meanings
In both structures teachers can know their students well, this is very important for the teacher because he- she can consider the different learning skills, cultural background, personalities.
1.Structures are great because they are versatile and can be adapted for any grade level, any content area and any situation. The structure is a frame through which the lesson content is delivered. The students learn by working cooperatively in groups and by sharing their work with orhers. However, activities are measurable amount of work performed to convert inputs into outputs, in order to be able to communicate with others, interact but, activity have a specific object and also cannot be used for a range of academic content.
ResponderBorrar2.Competitive structure:it is a negative interdependence among students since the teacher calls on one student to answer the question, the others lose their change to answer. One student to give a correct response increases the chance for other students to receive attention and praise.
It creating poor social relationship among them.
Cooperative structure: students encourage and support each other, they are able to assume responsibility for their own and each other's learning, employ group related social skills, and also they have equal opportunities.
3.Think-Pair-Share:
students have to listen carefully while the teacher poses a question.After students have time to think and give the correct answer.Then students have to discuss their responses.Finally students have to share their ideas or responses with the whole group.
Numbered head together:
This is an excellent strategy for teaching accountability in the classroom since students have to work together in a group.
Benefits for both:
This strategy is beneficial for reviewing and integrating subject matter.
Positive interdependence,equal participation also while they are interacting they are learning at the same time.Teacher doesn't have to talk more than usual.
Activities are dynamic manners that include specific objectives to increase the student's bound to the content that is developed inside the classroom. In contrast, a structure is a manner to continuous with a lesson in class for long periods of time in order to students rise their capacities of learning.
ResponderBorrarIn a competitive structure, students try to catch teacher's attention, and also they receive praises from the teacher. Moreover, it makes a fight among each other to participate in class. In contrast, a cooperative structure is totally different. Students try to work as a team, they help each other in order to give a good participation in front the class and achieve positive interdependence.
Explain the steps of "think-pair share" and the benefits for both the teacher and the students.
The first step, the teacher formulates a question then students listen to it.
The second step, the teacher provides students enough time to answer each question.
The third step, students are able to share their responses with their classmates and discuss it.
The last step, the students have the freedom to share their responses to their classmates in order to encourage every student to participate in class.
Benefits for students:
students have the opportunity to thought more about their responses and make a comparison with their classmate in order to know if the answer is correct or not, and also increase their desires of sharing their thoughts with others students
Benefits for the teacher
the teacher has almost the same benefits like students, they have more time to think when to implement this strategy, teacher achieves in students a minimum possibility of error in student's answer, and also the discussion of their answers can be more comfortable to express inside the classroom for both of them
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ResponderBorrarActivities: They provide teachers to find ways of teaching, they also have specific objectives in order to develop skills in the students.
ResponderBorrarStructures: they follow some steps and are divided in grade levels for improving the activities. They also allow the students to learn by experiencing and interacting in the classroom.
Competitive structures: In this structure students compete to try to impress the teacher. Not all the students have the opportunity to share their ideas. Teachers are the ones who spend more time sharing.
Cooperative Structures: In this structure students learn by interacting one another. All the students have the opportunity to share their ideas. The students have a chance to share about their own point of view.
Think-pair-share: In this structure all the students work in pairs. Everyone has a chance to talk. Here the teacher achieves all the students to participate. The students achieve to share one another.
Numbered heads together: In this structure students think together in order to review and clarify what they have learned. This helps them to remember and keep in mind the acquired knowledge more easily.
An activity a structure
ResponderBorrarAn activity is an action inside any kind of structure. In other words activities are the way we develop a specific structure.
Activities have a specific content-bound and objective. We cannot use an activity thinking that we can develop variety of knowledge because are activities and we can do in a limit period of time.
The activities in a class depend of the grade level of the student. Very different with a structure that we can use in any grade.
A structure
Structures can be combined, in that way we can have a multistructural lesson plan in this manner the teacher apply the best structure for the group.
Structures have different functions. In that way is different with an activity that has just one objective.
Competitive structure in this structure the purpose is be capable to solve problems in the real life with creative and innovation. Teach is more than teach. Is creative and flexible also this structure integrate the differences as advantage in the classroom.
Cooperative structure in this structure the teacher propose a problem then the teacher indicates what have to do each member of the group. In this way each member of the group has the responsibility of solve a part of the problem. The knowledge is cooperative in the way that the teacher structure the knowledge until the student take the responsibility
Think- pair- share this approach is amazing for develop the participation in classroom. In the other hand this strategy can help the student to be critic and have a opinion and share with the class.
Numbered heads together this strategy is a good way of develop in the group values as collaboration and teamwork. Moreover, as teachers we can develop critic thinking. That is an skill that doesn’t exist in our education and university too.
In both strategies the student develop critic thinking. Also, is a way of introduce democracy in the student because they have to choose and select the best idea. Thus is good for the teacher because the student construct knowledge and meaning.
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ResponderBorrar1.-I think the difference is an activities are the actions that the teacher does with students in class and structure it is how the teacher plans the activities to do with his students also these are good strategies that involve direct experiences by students rather than textbook study.
ResponderBorrar2.-Competitive structure is when students work individually and only the students who want the teacher's attention answer every question. In this case not all of them have the opportunity to participate.On the other hand, in the cooperative structure students
can work together in groups, sharing their opinions with each other. All of them can participate in different ways. The cooperative makes that the students can share their ideas because they want to have the correct answer and they create a nice relationship.
3.-think-pair share: this a good option because children work together and they share their own ideas. If a teacher give them a question they have to analyze before to response the questions they have to discuss and think and after response the question teachers give them.
The benefits for students: they are more interested in the participation of the class sharing their opinions.
The benefit for teacher: he is a guide and have the opportunity to observe and think about the answers of their students
Difference between activity and structure:
ResponderBorrarActivity is where students can participate and can develop their habilities, students can create whatever they want.
Structure is where teacher follow a series of steps ,students can't develop their abilities because teacher have the control of the class and just the teacher can speak.
Competitive: students work individually,they can't share their opinions with each others, normally teacher use this tool in their classroom I am not agree with competitive structure because students can't develop social skills.
Cooperative structure: this is a good tool to teach a class, because children can share their opinions, it's important that students develop their social skills because when they'll be adults, they'll need skills to develop in their real life with others person.
Think-pare share: is an excellent strategy developed the participation of the students in the classroom, students can share their agrees and disagrees with their classmates,they can develop critical opinion and shared it.
Number head together: is a good tool because students can work in group and they can share their ideas with their classmates.
The benefits are students become participatory , they likes this kind of class and they arouse their motivation to attend their class on time.
Teacher can observing students reaction and they can use this tool easily because teacher wil have a good result from their students.
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ResponderBorrarDifferences between activity and structure:
ResponderBorrarStructure is so wonderful because it can be adapted for any grade, level any content area and any situation.
Activity: always has a specific purpose and can't be used to deliver a range of academic content.
Structure:is a manner to continue with a content in class for periods of time in order to students rise their own capacities of learning.
Activity:is dynamic and includes specific objectives for to help the students to develop the content in the classroom.
Difference between cooperative and competitive structure:
Competitive structure: is maybe a negative influence between the students because when somebody of them answer first, other lose her or his chance to do it. That is one cause of the poor social relationship among students in class.
Cooperative structure: is a good influence between students because creates positive relationship and individual accountability,all of wich lead to cooperative interaction among them.
Think pair share:is a collaborative learning strategy in wich students work together to solve problems or answer a question about an assigned reading.
Is wonderful because requires students to think individually about a topic or answer to a question and share ideas with classmates.
Numbered heads together: is a cooperative learning strategy that holds each student accountable for learning the material by having students work together in a group. This is an excellent strategy for teaching accountability in the classroom.
Differences between an activity and structure for me structure which may be thought of as step. These structure students can work together by following the steps to the structure using material selected by students or by the teacher. Activities are knowledge o skills taught by teacher .Where children learn at their own pace through teacher facilitated exercises. Differences between a competitive and a cooperative structure cooperative structure consists of students working together, for class period to several week, also facilitate discussions about texts. Competitive structure children study alone and complete their own assignments .Students are encouraged to do their very best. Think – pair shape is a strategy students work in pair or small groups to solve a problem o answer. The benefits for students students think independently about topics or answers ,students discuss their thoughts in pair the benefits for teacher teachers begin by asking specific question about the texts . Number heads together involves students working together collaboratively in groups . the benefits for students students work together in their groups, students discus and determine an answer to the question the benefits for teacher the teacher may start with factual information question
ResponderBorrarStructure: involves steps, levels,and points that are used with every topic in the lesson plan.
ResponderBorrarActivities: these have specific objectives that could help the teacher to improve the students skills.
Competitive structure: students are always looking for the teacher's attention. They always want to participate. Not all students share their thoughts.
Cooperative structure: the students don't want to impress the teacher.They help each other and all the students have the opportunity to share their oppinions.
Numbered heads together:
-The teacher number each student in a group.
- The teacher starts asking questions to all the students.
-The students have to work together to find the answer of the question.
-The teacher call by numbers and the students with that number can answer the question.
Think pair share
-Students are in pairs.
-The teacher ask a random question.
- the students are already in couples. So, one student share he or she oppinion and Then the other have the opportunity to share his or her oppinion.
-Every student speak and tell all that they want to say.
-If their partner are wrong,they can provide immediate feedback.
- An activity cannot be used to deliver many subjects, however an structure can be adapted to any subject.
ResponderBorrar- A lesson plan can be developed with just one structure, but it involves many activities.
- A structure is more expanded than an activity.
- Competitive structures are aimed to create a situation where students are against each other, and they are constantly trying to be better than the others.
- Cooperative structures are the opposite. They create an interaction among students; they help each other, by the way they are developing as well.
- In competitive structures the teacher's attention is just for one group of students, however in the cooperative structures the teacher's attention is divided into the whole classroom.
NUMBERED HEADS TOGUETHER
- The teacher makes a question to the class.
- Everybody thinks about the answer and as a group they make sure that all of the students know the answer.
-Then, one student is chosen from the class to give the answer.
BENEFITS
- Teacher: he reviews topics.
- Students: they work toguether and check what they know.
THINK- PAIR- SHARE
- The teacher gives a topics to his students.
- Students look for a pair and toguether think and discuss about that topic.
- Once they have talked the topic, they share with the class their concepts and thoughts.
BENEFITS
- Teacher: he revises the student's development and the class is active and participating.
- Students: they develop inductive and deductive reasoning, by the time they interact to each other.
Differences between activity and structure.
ResponderBorrar-Activity has an specific objective in the lesson plan; according to the topic teacher does the activity.
-activity can not deliverate range level academic of a student, this is more to learn about an specific topic.
-structure could be used in different situations in the class, does not have a specific subject.
-Has different points in the lesson plan, the structure is used in different levels.
competitive structure
-they cpmete for a turn in order to be the best.
-It is bored wait for a turn, not everyone participate.
-they are not friendly with their classmates, they do not share their thougths and ideas with others.
cooperative structure.
-every student learn about the topic, they give ideas one another.
-It is not bored, they talk about the topic and enjoy learning toguether.
-they develop social skills, they are more friendly and active in class and share their thoughts.
numbered heads toguether
.they work as agroup in which everyone has a number.
-teacher is going to ask them, and when they have the answer they put their heads toguether.
.teacher tell a number and the student who has that number is going to answer.
Think pair-share.
-Students listen while teacher ask questions.
-Students have time so as to think and discuss the answer.
-They share their answers.
students benefits
In both of them students have more time to think and share ideas and deliverate the best, they develop mental skills.
Teacher benefits
Teacher develop participate in their students, they can be more relaxed in class and has more time to think in this structure.
1. Activities are about developing projects with specific content and a specific objective.
ResponderBorrarStructures have steps, they can be used at any time of the in our lesson plan and at any level.
2. In competitive structure, as the word says, the students compete to be the best in the class.
Not everyone gets the chance to participate because they have to wait for a turn or wait another student to fail in the answer.
-In cooperative structure, the students exchange ideas with one another, and in that way they learn together; and that helps their social skills.
Think pair-share:
-The teacher asks a question and the students listen.
-The students have time so they can think about the correct answer.
-The students can discuss their answers with another student.
-They share their answers with the class.
Numbered heads together:
-The students have to work as a group and every member has a number.
-The teacher asks a question and if they know the answer, they put their heads together.
-The teacher says a number in whichever student that has that number, has to answer.
Interaction is a must in both structures, they're all about it. The students can develop critical thinking and as they share their ideas, they realize everyone has different opinions.
The teacher has time to relax and observe the students. The feedback is more comfortable for both sides.
1. Structures have different functions or domains of “usefulness” where an activity might self only one purpose or one topic within the lesson plan.
ResponderBorrar2. Structures continue to develop and old ones to evolve, whereas activities can be “updated” involving new material or technology it still is the same activity as before.
Cooperative learning:
1. Children learn important social skills that they will need later in their working lives.
2. Students can actually learn better when they also help teach other students.
Competitive leaning:
1. Students are encouraged to do their very best.
2. Independent thinking and effort are encouraged and rewarded.
Think, Paid, Share
1. Think: Students think independently about the question that has been posed, forming ideas of their own.
2. Pair: Students are grouped in pairs to discuss their thoughts. This step allows students to articulate their ideas and to consider those of others.
3. Share: Student pairs share their ideas with a larger group, such as the whole class. Often, students are more comfortable presenting ideas to a group with the support of a partner. In addition, students' ideas have become more refined through this three-step process.
Why is it important?
Students need many opportunities to talk in a linguistically rich environment. In sharing their ideas, students take ownership of their learning and negotiate meanings rather than rely solely on the teacher's authority. Additional benefits of using the think, pair, share strategy include the positive changes in students' self-esteem that occur when they listen to one another and respect others' ideas. Finally, while the strategy may appear to be time-consuming, it makes classroom discussions more productive, as students have already had an opportunity to think about their ideas before plunging into whole-class conversations.
Numbered Heads Together
Students are placed in groups and each person is given a number (from one to the maximum number in each group). The teacher poses a question and students "put their heads together" to figure out the answer. The teacher calls a specific number to respond as spokesperson for the group. By having students work together in a group, this strategy ensures that each member knows the answer to problems or questions asked by the teacher. Because no one knows which number will be called, all team members must be prepared.
Why is it important?
Promotes discussion and both individual and group accountability. This strategy is beneficial for reviewing and integrating subject matter. Students with special needs often benefit when this strategy is used. After direct instruction of the material, the group supports each member and provides opportunities for practice, rehearsal, and discussion of content material.